![]() ![]() One hundred percent of inaccuracy palpation was related to the increased soft-tissue thickness ( P =. There was a moderate correlation between weight and the measurement of palpation error ( r = –0.6 P = .003). The Pearson's correlation coefficients ( r), the Fisher exact test, and the χ 2 test were used to identify the factors associated with the error and inaccuracy of palpation.Īccuracy of the C7 palpation was 76% with excellent reliability (interclass correlation coefficient = 0.99). The inter-rater reliability was estimated by the interclass correlation coefficient and assessed using photographs of each rater. The accuracy and measurement error of the palpation protocol of C7 SP were assessed through radiographic images. A second rater performed the same palpation protocol and took a second photograph. A radiograph and a photograph of the cervical spine were obtained in the same posture by a first rater. Twenty-five women between the ages of 18 and 60 years were submitted to a palpation protocol of the C7 SP, and a radiopaque marker was fixed on the skin at the possible location of the vertebrae. The purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy and intrarater reliability of a palpatory protocol based on a combination of 3 palpatory methods to identify both the C7 spinous process (C7 SP) and the factors that affect the errors and inaccuracy of palpation. Therefore, although the PSIS palpation test has the potential to be used as an alternative to, or in combination with, other conventional tests, clinicians should bear in mind that estimated spinal level by palpation could be influenced by examiner Moreover, the position of Tuffier's line was found to ConclusionĪlthough interexaminer reliability may be better for PSIS than iliac crest palpation, discrepancy values between examiners showed that although useful, PSIS palpation is still prone to substantial inaccuracies in terms of defining exact spinal level. Therefore, when the iliac crest is used as an anatomical surface marker to identify accurate spinal levels, clinicians should be aware that this method has its limitations. However, palpating the upper iliac crests and drawing an adjoining line is prone to error and may be an unreliable guide for determining precise spinal level. Tuffier's line has been the most popular and widely used landmark for the rapid identification of spinal level. The estimated level of PSISs was Discussion The mean age of volunteers who underwent surface palpation (group 1) was 32.9 years, and the mean age of volunteers who had radiographic examination (group 2) was 33.3 years (Table 1).īased on discrepancies between PSIS and iliac crests measurement, the interexaminer reliability of palpation was significantly greater for PSIS than for the iliac crest palpation test ( P. After approval by the research ethics committee of the College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea, patients were enrolled in this study after providing written informed consent. ![]()
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